{"id":1555,"date":"2023-02-13T16:29:29","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T15:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/?p=1555"},"modified":"2023-03-17T09:01:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T08:01:50","slug":"a-definition-of-art-and-one-view-of-pop-music","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/?p=1555","title":{"rendered":"A definition of art and one view of pop music"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>I wrote the following definition and commentary because my view of art sometimes raises objections\u2014as should any strong view of something so intangible\u2014most recently in my teaching at the Folkwang University, where pop music composition takes its place\u00a0alongside electronic, instrumental, and composition and visualisation. My criticism of the music industry and commercial music is sometimes mistaken to be a dismissal of pop music per se, which is\u00a0unfortunate and not my intention at all. I am well aware that no one needs my approval before calling their creations art; that some\u00a0artists couldn&#8217;t care less if what they create is called art or not; and yet others opine that &#8220;if I call it art, then it is art&#8221; (I&#8217;m not convinced by the latter at all as it is far too facile). So I offer this definition and commentary for clarity and discussion but also because 1) art practices are under threat through obfuscation, and 2) I find most widely-held perceptions or dictionary definitions of art to be only partly true. German version below.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Art consists of sensory artefacts created for the investigation of their aesthetic properties by human beings. By <em>investigation of aesthetic properties<\/em> I mean an active, unbiased, intellectual undertaking which considers aspects of form, beauty, and taste in artwork. This implies that art needs intellectual mediation on the part of the observer and does not exist entirely in the artefacts themselves (nor do the artefacts need to exist in a tangible, repeatable form). These aspects stand in relation to established notions of form, beauty, etc., which may of course, even by necessity perhaps, also imply deviation from them. Communication of specific meaning or emotion may or may not be completely absent and is of secondary importance. But no art or artist exists in a vacuum, rather they always connect positively or negatively to other artists and works of art. Even when lampooning, collaging, exaggerating, or quoting, art is authentic, not faked.<\/p>\n<p>Excluded from art then is any kind of putative artistic production which is primarily concerned with entertainment, decoration, the generation of profit, or any other extraneous outcome such as fame (especially via self-aggrandisement), sexual conquest, or mere popularity. Not excluded though is art which has attained financial success, popularity, or entertainment value, etc., as a byproduct of genuine aesthetic engagement. It is the primary focus and goal, along with the demands and experiences that the work of art makes and offers to its audience, which distinguishes it from entertainment and commerce, even craftwork. For art requires active engagement whereas entertainment is passive. And having entertainment or achieving popularity as a goal will almost certainly, by necessity, limit the form and content of the art work.<\/p>\n<p>Clearly this is quite a restrictive definition of art and there will be many examples to point to of artists who managed to create rich aesthetic experiences despite primarily being concerned with, for example, financial gain. I do however think that this definition serves to support, distinguish, and contextualise the main concerns of artists in a world in which the generally propagated understanding of art is much more focused on entertainment, and thus often politically aligned with the goal of reducing all realms of human endeavour to the production of profit.<\/p>\n<div id=\"outline-container-orgb50a950\" class=\"outline-2\">\n<div id=\"text-1\" class=\"outline-text-2\">\n<p>So in the context of this definition, the crux of the question of whether pop music is art or not lies in the very term <em>popular music<\/em> itself. When creating such music, or many types of music, to be fair, is the goal to assimilate enough known recipes in order to make a song popular\u2014as distinct from but simultaneously often related to its lucrativeness\u2014or is it to make a rich, demanding experience, which may or may not, by happenstance perhaps, end up being anything but popular?<\/p>\n<p>To be clear, the definition of art above does not at all mean that anything that sounds like pop music\u2014using its rhythmic, tonal, or melodic structures for example\u2014cannot be considered art. Neither does the definition preclude pop musicians from having as their primary objective, the creation of a rich aesthetic experience for its audience, i.e. art.<\/p>\n<p>To put it another way, the point I would underline is that it is not how a piece of music sounds on its surface which determines whether it is art or not, but how substantial, special, and expansive the complete aesthetic experience is. The distinction of interest today then, perhaps, is not between\u00a0<em>pop music\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>art music <\/em>(because the former can be the latter)\u00a0but between\u00a0<em>art music<\/em> and <em>commercial music<\/em>. Neither one is the enemy of the other, but they do stand distinct.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Kunst besteht aus sensorischen Artefakten, die zur menschlichen Untersuchung ihrer \u00e4sthetischen Eigenschaften geschaffen werden. Mit der <em>Untersuchung \u00e4sthetischer Eigenschaften<\/em> meine ich ein aktives, unvoreingenommenes, intellektuelles Unterfangen, das Aspekte der Form, der Sch\u00f6nheit und des Geschmacks von Kunstwerken ber\u00fccksichtigt. Dies impliziert, dass Kunst der intellektuellen Vermittlung durch den Betrachter bedarf und nicht ausschlie\u00dflich in den Artefakten selbst existiert\u00a0(noch m\u00fcssen die Artefakte in einer greifbaren, wiederholbaren Form existieren). Diese Aspekte stehen in Beziehung zu etablierten Vorstellungen von Form, Sch\u00f6nheit usw., die nat\u00fcrlich, vielleicht sogar notwendigerweise, auch eine Abweichung von ihnen implizieren k\u00f6nnen. Die Vermittlung eines bestimmten Sinns oder einer bestimmten Emotion kann, muss aber nicht v\u00f6llig fehlen und ist von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Aber keine Kunst und kein K\u00fcnstler existiert im luftleeren Raum, sondern sie stehen immer in einem positiven oder negativen Zusammenhang mit anderen K\u00fcnstlern und Kunstwerken. Selbst wenn sie verspottet, collagiert, \u00fcbertreibt oder zitiert, ist die Kunst authentisch und nicht gef\u00e4lscht.<\/p>\n<p>Ausgeschlossen von der Kunst ist also jede Art von vermeintlicher k\u00fcnstlerischer Produktion, die in erster Linie der Unterhaltung, der Dekoration, der Erzielung von Profit oder anderen sachfremden Ergebnissen wie Ruhm (insbesondere durch Selbstverherrlichung), sexueller Eroberung oder blo\u00dfer Popularit\u00e4t dient. Nicht ausgeschlossen ist jedoch Kunst, die finanziellen Erfolg, Popularit\u00e4t oder Unterhaltungswert usw. als Nebenprodukt eines echten \u00e4sthetischen Engagements erlangt hat. Es ist der prim\u00e4re Fokus und das Ziel, zusammen mit den Anforderungen und Erfahrungen, die das Kunstwerk seinem Publikum bietet, was es von Unterhaltung und Kommerz, ja sogar von Kunsthandwerk unterscheidet. Denn Kunst erfordert eine aktive Auseinandersetzung, w\u00e4hrend Unterhaltung passiv ist. Und wenn man Unterhaltung oder Popularit\u00e4t zum Ziel hat, werden Form und Inhalt des Kunstwerks fast zwangsl\u00e4ufig eingeschr\u00e4nkt.<\/p>\n<p>Nat\u00fcrlich ist dies eine recht restriktive Definition von Kunst, und es gibt viele Beispiele von K\u00fcnstlern, denen es gelungen ist, reiche \u00e4sthetische Erfahrungen zu schaffen, obwohl es ihnen in erster Linie darum ging, beispielsweise finanziellen Gewinn zu erzielen. Ich denke jedoch, dass diese Definition dazu dient, die Hauptanliegen von K\u00fcnstlern in einer Welt zu unterst\u00fctzen, zu unterscheiden und zu kontextualisieren, in der das allgemein propagierte Verst\u00e4ndnis von Kunst viel st\u00e4rker auf Unterhaltung ausgerichtet ist und somit oft politisch mit dem Ziel verbunden ist, alle Bereiche menschlichen Strebens auf die Produktion von Profit zu reduzieren.<\/p>\n<p>Im Zusammenhang mit dieser Definition liegt der Kern der Frage, ob Popmusik Kunst ist oder nicht, also im Begriff der popul\u00e4ren Musik selbst. Geht es bei der Schaffung solcher Musik &#8211; oder, um gerecht zu sein, bei vielen Arten von Musik &#8211; darum, gen\u00fcgend bekannte Rezepte zu \u00fcbernehmen, um ein Lied popul\u00e4r zu machen &#8211; was sich von seiner Lukrativit\u00e4t unterscheidet, aber gleichzeitig oft damit zusammenh\u00e4ngt -, oder geht es darum, ein reiches, anspruchsvolles Erlebnis zu schaffen, das vielleicht zuf\u00e4llig alles andere als popul\u00e4r ist?<\/p>\n<p>Um es klar zu sagen: Die obige Definition von Kunst bedeutet keineswegs, dass alles, was wie Popmusik klingt &#8211; zum Beispiel ihre rhythmischen, tonalen oder melodischen Strukturen &#8211; nicht als Kunst angesehen werden kann. Die Definition schlie\u00dft auch nicht aus, dass Popmusiker als prim\u00e4res Ziel die Schaffung einer reichhaltigen \u00e4sthetischen Erfahrung f\u00fcr ihr Publikum, d.h. Kunst, haben.<\/p>\n<p>Anders ausgedr\u00fcckt: Ich m\u00f6chte betonen, dass nicht die Klangoberfl\u00e4chen eines Musikst\u00fccks dar\u00fcber entscheidet, ob es Kunst ist oder nicht, sondern wie substanziell, besonders und umfassend die gesamte \u00e4sthetische Erfahrung ist. Die Unterscheidung, die heutzutage von Interesse ist, ist also vielleicht nicht die zwischen Popmusik und Kunstmusik (denn erstere kann letztere sein), sondern die zwischen Kunstmusik und kommerzieller Musik. Das eine ist nicht der Feind des anderen, aber sie unterscheiden sich doch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I wrote the following definition and commentary because my view of art sometimes raises objections\u2014as should any strong view of something so intangible\u2014most recently in my teaching at the Folkwang University, where pop music composition takes its place\u00a0alongside electronic, instrumental, and composition and visualisation. My criticism of the music industry and commercial music is sometimes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[230,35,231,62],"class_list":["post-1555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-folkwang","tag-aesthetics","tag-art","tag-music","tag-pop-music"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1555"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1605,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1555\/revisions\/1605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/michael-edwards.org\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}